Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Ielts Reading Answers 〈5000+ PREMIUM〉

Another type of environmentally friendly vehicle is the hybrid car. Hybrid cars use a combination of conventional fossil fuel engines and electric motors to achieve better fuel efficiency and lower emissions. They can run on electric power alone at low speeds, reducing emissions in urban areas.

, the latter of which balanced a green image with fuel economy through a combined gasoline and electric powertrain. Market Shifts

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) pushed for zero-emission vehicles .

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles represent a different approach. FCEVs convert hydrogen gas stored in high-pressure tanks into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen, emitting only water vapor. They offer a driving range and refueling time comparable to gasoline cars, addressing the "range anxiety" often associated with early electric models. Nevertheless, the "greenness" of hydrogen cars is contingent upon the source of the hydrogen. Currently, the majority of industrial hydrogen is produced via steam methane reforming, a process that relies on natural gas and releases significant carbon emissions. For FCEVs to be truly sustainable, "green hydrogen"—produced using renewable energy to split water molecules—must become the industry standard.

The main challenge facing the widespread adoption of environmentally friendly vehicles is the high upfront cost, limited infrastructure for charging or refueling, and range anxiety.